邹元标头脑初探.pdf

摘 要 邹元标是江右学派的代表人物，他除了师从江右学派的胡直，强调“识仁”外，还 深受泰州学派罗近溪的影响，讲求赤子之心和百姓日用即道的修养工夫。在境界论上他 吸收佛家 “空”的思想，并将其与儒家的道德修养相结合，形成了圆融的思想风格。 邹元标生活的时代正是明王朝统治日趋腐朽的中后期，而且此时王学末流空谈心性的流 弊也暴露无遗，对当时的士风造成了严重的危害。因此邹元标在政治上希望君臣以国家 利益为重，依靠自觉地遵守道德规范来挽救明王朝的颓势。针对当时王学末流的弊端， 邹元标亦提出了自己注重实修的解决方法。 本文结合邹元标的文集，同时由其对王阳明和罗近溪的思想继承方面入手，通过心 性论、工夫论和他的治世思想三个方面来对其思想进行初步的系统整理和分析。在心性 论上邹元标主要继承了王阳明“无善无恶心之体”的思想，强调心即理，心体是“有无 之境”的统一，即心体的本质内容是至善，其作用形式具有无滞性。因此在工夫论上邹 元标强调做“日减”的工夫，要求摒除外界情欲的干扰，反身而诚，切身体悟良知心体。 在修养过程中主张以德性之知指导闻见之知。针对王学末流务虚蹈空的弊端，他还提出 了自悟和实修相统一的修养工夫，希望以此来挽救空谈心性的士风。最后，本文还结合 史料对邹元标的治世思想进行了论述，反映了他作为一名官员和儒家学者关心民间疾苦 的民本思想和希望以君臣的道德自律来挽救明王朝颓势的道德理想主义。 关键词：邹元标 自悟与实修 有无之境 III Abstract Zou Yuanbiao is the third-generation representative of jiang you Wang school, he learned wang yangming’s idea from Hu zhi, stressing that shi ren, his idea was also well received by Luo jinxi who is the representative of tai zhou school which search the mind of baby and the principle is what everyone did in dailylife. In theory of life realm, he absorbed Buddhism’s empty ideology, and combined with the Confucian morality to form the ideological style of harmony. Zou Yuan baio lived in the time of the Ming Dynasty in the latter period of the increasingly corrupt, at the same time the drawbacks that some of the descents of wang school talk mind unpractically impacted the ethos of society badly. Therefore, Zou Yuanbiao marked in the political hopes emperor and offical considered the national interests, relying on consciously observe the code of ethics to save the weakness of Ming Dynasty. Specifically targeted at the drawbacks of Wang school, Zou Yuanbiao also raised his own pay attention to real-repair solutions. In this paper I will combine the Collected works, while consulting