微观经济学件中英文17.ppt

Monopolistic Competition垄断竞争 Chapter 17 Monopolistic Competition垄断竞争 Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly. 不完全竞争是指介于完全竞争与纯垄断之间的市场结构。 The Four Types of Market Structure 市场结构的四种类型 Types of Imperfectly Competitive Markets Monopolistic Competition Many firms selling products that are similar but not identical. Oligopoly Only a few sellers, each offering a similar or identical product to the others. 不完全竞争市场的类型 垄断竞争 许多出售相似但不相同产品的企业组成的市场结构。 寡头 只有很少卖者，出售相似或相同的产品。 Monopolistic Competition垄断竞争 Markets that have some features of competition and some features of monopoly. 有某些竞争特点又有某些垄断特点的市场结构。 Attributes of Monopolistic competition垄断竞争的特点 Many sellers 很多卖者 Product differentiation 产品有差异 Free entry and exit 自由进入和退出 Many Sellers There are many firms competing for the same group of customers. Product examples include books, CDs, movies, computer games, restaurants, piano lessons, cookies, furniture, etc. 很多卖者 有许多企业争夺同样的顾客群体。 产品例子包括书籍、CD、电影、电脑游戏、餐馆、钢琴课、点心、家居等等。 Product Differentiation Each firm produces a product that is at least slightly different from those of other firms. Rather than being a price taker, each firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve. 产品差异化 每个企业生产的一种产品至少与其他企业生产的这种产品略有不同。 每个企业不是价格接受者，而是面临一条向右下方倾斜的需求曲线。 Free Entry or Exit Firms can enter or exit the market without restriction. The number of firms in the market adjusts until economic profits are zero. 自由进入或退出 企业可以没有限制地进入或退出一个市场。 市场上企业的数量要一直调整到经济利润为零时为止。 Monopolistic Competition in the Short Run Short-run economic profits encourage new firms to enter the market. This: Increases the number of products offered. Reduces demand faced by firms already in the market. Incumbent firms’ demand curves shift to the left. Demand for the incumbent firms’ products fall, and their profits decline. 短期中的垄断竞争企业 短期 经济利润激励新企业进入市场。这种进入 增加了顾客可以选择的产品数量。 减少了市场已有的每家企业面临的需求。 使市场已有企业面临的需求曲线向左移动。 市场已有企业的产品需求减少，利润下降。 Figure 1 Monopolistic Competit