外文翻译 英文文献 中英版 发展中国家需要相互开 放市场.doc

外文文献翻译 发展中国家需要相互开放市场 Developing Countries Need to Open Markets to Each Other By David Dollar Fully half of the benefits to developing countries from stalled multilateral trade negotiations would come from getting better access to each others markets. They would gain more by lowering their own barriers to agricultural trade than they would by wealthy countries lowering their barriers, although the latter also must happen. With two-thirds of the industrial goods tariffs paid by developing countries going to other developing countries, further trade liberalization could attract foreign investment and advance developing country growth. Completing the Doha Round trade negotiations will require real leadership on the part of the developing world, especially the big developing countries that have benefited so much from globalization. The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations is stalled and may very well fall apart. This round of trade liberalization was supposed to be the World Trade Organizations development round that would provide benefits in particular to developing countries, which are home to 1 billion people living on less than $1 per day and 2.6 billion living on less than $2. How would a new round of trade liberalization help poor countries? Opening Agricultural Markets The most obvious issue—and the one that has received the most attention—is the ongoing agricultural protection of rich countries. Japan protects rice and other markets. The United States and Europe subsidize and protect farmers. Completely liberalizing agricultural markets in rich countries would provide an immediate annual benefit to developing countries of $26 billion, according to a recent World Bank estimate. To put this number in context, it is about one-half of the annual flow of foreign aid from rich countries to poor ones. Thus, opening agricultural markets in rich countries is one important issue. Less well publicized is the fact that opening the a