-高中英语人教版选修7配套课件：unit2section2learningaboutlanguage.ppt

活学活用 翻译句子 从那时开始，他先在一家汽车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。 ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 答案：From then on, he first worked in a car factory, then as an engineer in a steel factory, which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers. 被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式 英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。 Ⅰ.各种时态的被动结构 一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例： 项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall /will be done 无 shall/will have been done 过去将来 should/would be done 无 should/would have been done Everyones pay will be increased next year by 5%. 明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。 It was the first time that I had been criticized in public. 那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。 The work will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下月底前这项工作将会完成。 The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 这座房子很古老了。它是1950年建造的。 典题赏析 (1)(2014·天津·11)We wont start the work until all the preparations ________. A．are being made B．will be made C．have been made D．had been made 答案：C　考查时态和语态。句意：直到一切准备就绪，我们才开始工作。until从句中要么用现在完成时表示动作的完成要么用一般现在时表将来。the preparations 与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C项。 (2)(2013·辽宁·30)We are confident that the environment ________ by our further efforts to reduce pollution. A．had been improved B．will be improved C．is improved D．was improved 答案：B　考查时态和语态的用法。句意：我们很自信，通过我们进一步的努力来减少污染环境将会得到改善。由句意可知，应该用一般将来时的被动语态，故B项为正确答案。 (3)(2013·北京·23)Shakespeares play Hamlet ________ into at least ten different films over the past years. A．had been made B．was made C．has been made D．would be made 答案：C　本题考查动词时态语态。句意：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在近几年来已经被拍成了至少10部不同的电影。由时间状语over the past years可知本句要用现在完成时态，故正确答案为C项。 Ⅱ.主动语态表被动意义 1．有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副