自考英美文学选读00604自学的资料(全).docVIP

《英美文学选读》自学资料?(全) American LiteratureChapter one : The romantic periodI. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.2. Emerson抯 transcendentalism: The over-soul梚t is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universal over-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.3.His toward nature:Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God抯 presence. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult. II. Hawthorne抯 Puritanism and his black vision of man:1. Puritanism梚t is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.2. his black vision of man梑y the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.3. Young Goodman Brown梚t shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and na飗e Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the witch抯 Sabbath, they become what they are. Eve