索因卡与他的戏剧.ppt

索因卡和他的戏剧 Whole Soyinka and His Dramas 沃勒·索因卡（1934—），尼日利亚乃至黑非洲最负盛名的剧作家、诗人、小说家、评论家和翻译家。 1986年获诺贝尔文学奖 ，被尊为“英语非洲现代剧之父” “非洲的莎士比亚” 一、生平与创作 Whole Soyinka was born in July 13, 1934 in Abeokuta（阿贝奥库塔，意思是“大石下的城市”） a village on the banks of the River Ogun in the western area of Nigeria. His mother was a Christian convert(皈依者) so devout（虔诚） that he nicknamed her Wild Christian and his father was the scholarly(博学的) headmaster of a Christian primary school whom he nicknamed Essay Soyinka was educated through the secondary level in Ibadan and later attended University College, Ibadan, and the University of Leeds, from which he graduated with honors. He worked for a brief period at the Royal Court Theatre in London （伦敦皇家宫廷剧院） before returning to Nigeria in 1960. His play, The Invention was staged in 1957 at the Royal Court Theatre 1960年回国，创办“1960年假面具”剧团和“奥里森剧团”。 Soyinka became a vocal critic of Negritude, accusing politicians of using it as a mask for autocracy(专制）. His increasing use of polemic against（ 反对或赞成某事物的慷慨陈词）social injustice and his demands for freedom coincided with the military takeover in Nigeria and the later drift toward civil war. Soyinka was arrested by the Nigerian government in October 1967, was accused of spying for Biafra, and was kept in detention（拘留） in the north for two years, after which he returned to his position as head of the drama department at Ibadan. Much of his creative attention following his release went into filming Kongis Harvest, in which he also played the leading role. In 1969, Soyinka left Nigeria and did not return until the government changed in 1975. Soyinkas post-prison works striked readers as more angry and despairing than his earlier ones. 出狱后反映内战的创作：如倾泻内心愤慨的剧本《疯子和专家》（Madmen and Specialists ，1971）、随笔《人死了——狱中笔记》（The Man Died: Prison Notes， 1972）、长篇小说《混乱季节》（Season of Anomy ，1973）。 1975年，索因卡结束了六年的流亡生活，重新回到了尼日利亚。他曾在伊巴丹大学、拉各斯大学、伊费大学执教、从事戏剧研究。 In 1994, Soyinka escaped to Paris, just ahead of being arrested by the militarist gov