VI 产业结构和区域发展.ppt

VI. 产业结构与区域发展 I. Industrial structure, technology and regional development 1.Contrasts in agglomeration 2.Spatial division of labor II. Theoretical development: industrial restructuring and regional development 1. New international division of labor 2. Profit cycles I. Industrial structure, technology and regional development Context 70s-80s, dramatic transformation of US, UK —industrial decline, unemployment。 1982, Deindustrialization of America : Plant Closings, Community Abandonment and the Dismantling of Basic Industry, by Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison New focus of regional economy: How and why industries change their locations? Sun belt/ Snow belt dramatic growth in other regions: Japan, NICs (newly industrializing countries) Technological changes 从个别的firms or sectors看变迁的动力 Contrasts in agglomeration Spatial division of labor Contrasts in Agglomeration 1961, Benjamin Chinitz， University of Pittsburgh, “Contrast in agglomeration: New York and Pittsburgh” criticized export base theory （basic/ non-basic model, demand-driven） ?should look at the supply side。 比较New York and Pittsburgh都是集聚，但内容不同。 通常认为城市规模够大就有集聚，就能产生外部经济，但大小本身的解释力不足。 Pittsburgh : less diversified New York: diversified, small firms 关键是产业结构 ?relate external economy to industrial structure and social factors 一个区位如何能吸引新的投资？ （a plant represents a 20-year commitment, 投资者是如何设想的呢？） 交通因素非核心； （The firm is where it is because the founders prefer to live there） Entrepreneurship: 钢铁和服装吸收相同就业，但小企业的服装业内有更多的经理，risk-takers. 小企业会生出更多企业家。 Capital： 大资本倾向把收益放到别的区域再投资，小资本倾向把收益投资到原区位的不同产业部门。 Commercial banks: attitude is shaped by industrial tradition。 Labor： Pittsburgh 已婚妇女劳动力参与低 1. Dispersion of the plants of the dominant industries: no spatial clustering, no urbanization agglomeration --dispersal of population 2. Work schedule of men--steel is a three-shift industry，妇女倾向留在家里。妇女的劳动力就不易 释放出来。 ?The pools of female labor is rele