分离工程课程的设计烷烃精馏塔的设计.doc

《分离工程课程设计》 烷 烃 精 馏 塔 设 计 系 别：化工与药学院 专 业：化学工程与工艺 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 2010年06月 目 录 一.摘要 3 二. 概述 4 三． 设计条件及任务 5 四.塔的设计计算 6 4.1.物料衡算 6 4.2.最小理论塔板数 9 4.3.确定回流比 9 4.4.塔理论板数 10 4.5.进料板位置 11 4.6.物料的性质计算 11 4.7.精馏塔的工艺尺寸计算 14 4.8.塔板的水力学计算 17 4.9.塔板负荷性能图 19 4.10.热量衡算 21 4.11.接管的计算 22 4.12.塔高 23 五．设计结果总汇 23 六．设计小结 24 七.个人心得体会及改进意见 25 八.参考文献 26 附录（符号说明） 27  一.摘要 As is known to all,the oil is closely releated to our life and industry. However,our insearch to the oil is far to halt.The produces from the oil is so various that they are of course used widely.But we usually make use of parts of them such as saturated groups-----one of the most important compounds.therefore,their separation is of great importance. Now , most of gas-seperating device of oil-refining factory are still using the seperation of distillation . Distillation is the unit operation of seperating liquids compounds . Its basic theory is applying the differences of eyery seperated part’s volatility , that is , under the same pressure , they are seperated as the different boiling point . Column device is a device that can realize distillation’s chance between gases and liquids , widely used in chemical industry , petrochemical industry and others . Its constructure style basicly can be divided into two types-board column and fioat-valve column .Board column is a device that complete the transmition between gases and liquids through touch , and floatvalve column’s advantages are the strong produce capacity and the large elasticity of operation , because the plate dfficiency is very high , the pressure drop from air to liquid level is relative small , and its cost is cheaper , float-valve column has become the most widely useful column type . 众所周知，石油与人们的生产生活密不可分，而我们都它研究远没有停止。石油产品种类繁多，用途极广。而我们通常仅仅用到石油的部分成分，比如烷烃---石油的一大组成成分，它的有效分离显得极其关键。 当前各炼厂的气体分离装置大部分仍然采用精馏分离。蒸馏是分离液体混合物的典型单元操作，其基本原理是利用被分离的各组分的挥发度不同，即各组分在同一压力下具有不同的沸点将其分离的。 塔设备是能够实现蒸馏的气液传质设备，广泛应用于化工、石油化工、石油等工业中，其结构形式基本上可以分为板式塔和填料塔两大类。板式塔用途较广，它是逐级