无线传感器网络能量路由的研究.doc

无线传感器网络能量路由研究 摘要 无线传感器网络是目前计算机领域的一项研究热点，它为人们获取信息提供了有利条件。传感器节点小容易隐蔽，价格便宜，所以可以大面积分布在要监测区域，而且容易部署、节点自组织形成网络。 传感器节点常常通过空投或飞机随机播撒在人难以到达的地方。但是传感器节点的电池能量有限，而且大多数情况下不能充电和更换节点，节点能量一旦用完，意味着节点死亡，网络则受到影响。因此，传感器节点的能量消耗情况对整个网络的生命周期起到至关重要的作用。所以国内外的研究人员纷纷提出了基于能量的路由协议，怎样减少节点的能量消耗，延长网络寿命成为当今无线传感器网络协议研究的关键。由于无线传感器网络是应用性相关的网络，根据不同应用将路由协议分为不同的类别。相关的研究表明，分层的网络路由协议是一种可以有效节约能量的路由方法。 本文阐述了无线传感器网络路由设计的特点和评价标准，并对无线传感器网络典型的路由协议做出分析和总结。论文将视点放在了分簇技术和节能技术上，对现有的分簇路由协议进行研究总结，并分析节能策略和常用的节能技术,最终对leach算法进行了仿真研究。 关键词 无线传感器网络；；LEACH仿真Abstract With the development of sensor technology, micro-mechanism technology, modern network and wireless communication, a new technology emerged Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) .The wireless sensor network becomes a hotspot all over the computer areas, it provided favorable conditions for people to get information. The sensor nodes easily concealed for its very small and very cheap, so they can be large located in the monitored region, and also easy to deploy and form self-organizing network. Sensor nodes are usually sent to areas where man can hardly reach by the means of airdrop.But the sensor node must operate on a tiny battery whit limited energy that recharge or replacement is not an option due to the complex environment it deployed, so the energy become the issue of the wireless sensor networks. so the energy consumption of sensor nodes plays an important role in the life cycle of WSN.Researchers at home and abroad have improved many energy-based routing protocols, how to reduce energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of the network become very important thing while improving protocols of wireless sensor network today. As the wireless sensor networks are application-related network, routing protocols according to different applications be divided into different categories. Related studies have shown that the hierarchical routing protocol of WSN is effective in saving energy. This paper describes a wireless sensor networ