_VACCINES （ANTIGENS） Extension Veterinary 传染的疫苗（抗原）延伸的兽医课件.ppt

CATTLE IMMUNOLOGY Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader Texas AgriLife Extension Service Texas AM University System College Station, TX 77843 INFECTIOUS VACCINES (ANTIGENS) TYPES: modified live vaccines – intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal modified live vaccines (body temperature sensitive) – intranasal IMMUNITY DURATION: life-time (infection established, cellular and humoral immunity) one dose required annual boosters may not be required CAUTION: label restrictions (may be unapproved for pregnant cows/nursing calves) ineffectiveness (following non-infectious vaccine) NON-INFECTIOUS VACCINES (ANTIGENS) TYPES: killed vaccines and bacterins – intramuscular, subcutaneous toxoids and leukotoxoids – intramuscular, subcutaneous modified live vaccines (body temperature sensitive) – intramuscular IMMUNITY DURATION: 4 to 12 months (infection not established, humoral immunity) primary dose required (priming) secondary dose required – 3 to 6 weeks later (within 4 months) annual or semiannual boosters required ANTISERA/ANTISERUM (ANTIBODIES) TYPES: antitoxins – subcutaneous monoclonal antibody – oral DURATION IMMUNITY: 2 to 6 weeks (humoral immunity) DNA RECOMBINANT VACCINES None available for cattle VACCINE LABEL HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS FOLLOW THE LABEL: refrigerate in use and storage use sanitary practices in use keep out of sunlight in use properly dispose of opened vials after use abide expiration date of unopened vials VACCINE LABEL USE DIRECTIONS FOLLOW THE LABEL: dose route(s) withdrawal time for slaughter (21 to 60 days) VACCINE FAILURES NO RESPONSE (efficacy, stress, malnutrition) IMPROPER DOSE IMPROPER ROUTE MISHANDLED (non-refrigerated, sunlight exposure, unsanitary) STORED OPENED VIALS EXPIRED VACCINE POOR QUALITY VACCINE PRIMARY DOSE ONLY (non-infectious vaccine) IMMUNITY DURATION EXPIRED VACCINATION AFTER EXPOSURE (incubation period or latent period) Cow Herd Vaccines Precalving Vaccination o