Disease帕金森病（PPT39）课件.ppt

Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease The basal ganglia, through the action of dopamine, are responsible for planning and controlling automatic movements of the body, such as pointing with a finger, pulling on a sock, writing or walking. If the basal ganglia are not working properly, as in Parkinson’s disease patients, all aspects of movement are impaired, resulting in the characteristic features of the disease ? slowness of movement, stiffness and effort required to move a limb and, often, tremor. Dopamine levels in the brain’s substantia nigra do normally fall with ageing. However, they have to fall to one-fifth of normal values for the symptoms and signs of parkinsonism to emerge. Parkinson’s Disease /AboutPD/Section.aspx?SectionId=798d598e-2a1c-4747-ac81-cd92f475744b /animation/parkinsons_disease.asp History James Parkinson (1755-1824), while best remembered for the disease state named after him by Charcot, was a man of many talents and interests. Publishing on chemistry, paleontology and other diverse topics, he was, early in his career, a social activist championing the rights of the disenfranchised and poor. His efforts in this area were enough to result in his arrest and appearance before The Privy Council in London on at least one occasion. In collaboration with his son, who was a surgeon, he also offered the first description, in the English language, of a ruptured appendix. History of Parkinson’s Disease His small but famous publication, Essay on the Shaking Palsy, appeared in 1817, 7 years before his death in 1824. The clinical description of 6 patients was a remarkable masterpiece testifying to his prodigious powers of observation for most of the 6 were never actually examined by Parkinson himself; rather, they were simply observed walking on the streets of London. Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Since PD is related to a deficiency of dopamine, it would be appropriate to administer dopamine Problem: Dopamine does not cross BBB, since it is to