对材料成型与控制工程的认识.doc

对材料成型及控制工程的认识 After studying the material molding and control engineering introduction of material molding after class and control engineering knowledge 作者：XXX 通讯地址：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 摘要： Material molding and control engineering is a door and our lifes special technology, we usually use the cups and plates and dishes tableware, daily necessities, childrens toys, motor vehicle, household appliances, computer and its accessories, etc have a type (shell) items, all depend on material molding technology made out. It is simple to understand the process principle of it is a choice materials, mould forming, the products. It is a involve machine, the material, the control gave three subject of interdisciplinary professionals. The professional main course are: material mechanics, physical chemistry, metal science etc.it and heat treatment principle, transmission principle, pressure processing technology and die, metal solidification and control, welding, metallurgy, metal plastic forming principle, material molding the computer simulation and so on, to learn the course has the certain difficulty, but because of the design appearance to drift and fine quality products of light as the goal, material molding course also contains the content such as drawing, artistic modelling, in practice to development and design, thus learn up is not boring. Along with the computer technology is more and more widely applied to material molding and control in the field, with computer aided design and system ? 关键词：材料加工与成型；塑性成形；非金属材料成型；发展趋势 引言： 材料成形加工行业是制造业的重要组成部分，材料成形加工技术是汽车、电力、石化、造船及机械等支柱产业的基础制造技术，新一代材料加工技术也是先进制造技术的重要内容。铸造、锻造及焊接等材料加工技术是国民经济可持续发展的主体技术。据统计，全世界75%的钢材经塑性加工成形，45%的金属结构用焊接得以成形。又如我国铸件年产量已超过1400万t，是世界铸件生产第一大国。汽车结构中65%以上仍由钢材、铝合金、铸铁等材料通过铸造、锻压、焊接等加工方法成形。 对材料加工与成型的工艺的认识： 材料加工与成型的工艺分类主要按照材料的种类可分为金属塑性成形工艺及非金属成型加工。 金属塑性成形工艺是指利用金属的塑性变形来获得一定形状、尺寸和组织性能的成形加工方法。金属塑性成形的一般特点是生产率高、生成效率高、节约原材料、节约能源、降低成本。其中突出的优点为内部组织得以改善，性能提高。但也存在缺点，像通常需要较大的成形力，设备体积、吨位较大；为了提高被加工材料的塑性、降低成形力，有时需要加热， 脆性材料、形状过于复杂的零件不能