Biomarkers for the prediction of microalbuminuria and for 生物标志物微量白蛋白尿预测和.docVIP

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Biomarkers for the prediction of microalbuminuria and for 生物标志物微量白蛋白尿预测和.doc

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Biomarkers for the prediction of microalbuminuria and for 生物标志物微量白蛋白尿预测和

Validity of Biomarkers Predicting the Onset and the Progression of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review Merel E. Hellemons 1*, Julia Kerschbaum 2*, Stephan J.L. Bakker 1, Hannes Neuwirt 2, Bernd Mayer 3, Gert Mayer 2, Dick de Zeeuw 1 Hiddo J. Lambers Heerspink 1, Michael Rudnicki 2 * Contributed equally to this paper 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands 2 Department of Internal Medicine IV – Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria 3 Emergentec biodevelopment GmbH, Vienna, Austria Author of correspondence: Michael Rudnicki, MD, FASN Medical University Innsbruck Department of Internal Medicine IV – Nephrology and Hypertension Anichstrasse 35 6020 Innsbruck Austria Telephone: +43 512 504 81337 Fax: +43 512 504 25857 Email: michael.rudnicki@i-med.ac.at Funding source: EU7/sysKID Conflicts of interest: None to declare. Word count: Abstract: 248 words; main text: 3417 words ABSTRACT Aims: Albuminuria is the hallmark of nephropathy in diabetes and an established risk marker for the development of cardiovascular and end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to assess the additive predictive validity of novel biomarkers on top of conventional risk factors. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases between 1995 and 2010. We scored the methodological quality of these studies using the STARD criteria. The additive predictive value on top of conventional risk factors was scored according to the level of adjustment. Biomarker validity was determined by combining the methodological quality score and the adjustment score. Results: Fifteen longitudinal studies describing 26 biomarkers were identified. Thirteen studies had either good or average methodological quality. Only 6 of the 13 studies performed either good or average adjustment for conventional risk factors identifying