Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment (在环境评价和人体健康风险生物标志物（.ppt

Biomarkers in environmental and human health risk assessment(Galloway T.S., 2006) 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.1. Definition Prediction RESEARCH 320 Toxic chemicals   60 carcinogens 1.4. Integration of human and environment risk assessment BIOMARKER ?any biological response to an environmental chemical at the individual level or below demonstrating a departure from normal status” ?indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention” BIOMARKERS ALWAYS EXPRESSED at the sub-organismal level cellular, physiological or behavioural CATEGORIES OF BIOMARKERS biologically effective dose  Urinary PAH metabolites (biomarker of internal dose) Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene - sensitive biomarker in humans from 1985 biomarker in invertebrates? Biomarker of OP pesticides susceptibility complicated and changing pattern of susceptibility  REFERENCES * M1 Oceanography UE 39, 2008 Leila Rezazgui Marta Tomaszkiewicz 1.1. Definition Qualitative or quantitative At individual or population level spatial and temporal scales Risk = Hazard x Exposure 1. Risk assessment 1.2. The aim of risk assessment 1.2. The aim risk assessment Determine limits of exposure Early warning “Ecosystem health!” Human health 1. Risk assessment 1.1. Definition 1.3. Procedure 1.2. The aim risk assessment RISK ASSESSMENT RISK MANAGEMENT Observations (laboratory, field) Extrapolation methods Measures, Characteristics of populations EDRA Hazard identification Exposure assessment Risk-A Development of regulatory options Evaluation of Public, health, economic, social, political consequences of regulatory options Agency decisions and actions EDRA: Exposure-Dose- Response Assessment Risk-A: Risk characterization NAS/NRC, 1983 1.3 Procedure Risk assessment /risk management 700 Organic chemicals