CK2120×6六主轴数控车床关键部位有限元分析.docx

摘 要多主轴数控车床是数控机床发展的趋势之一，是目前各类数控车床中最先进的产品，机床工作完全自动化并有极高的工作效率。目前其主要产品都被瑞士、德国、意大利、日本等国家占有，沈阳创新数控设备有限公司自主开发研制的 CK2120×6 六主轴数控车床是我国第一台多主轴数控车床，填补了国内数控多轴车床的空白。由于该种设备对加工精度和效率要求较高，为此必须对机床的结构进行分析和研究，来保证设计质量。 有限元分析和结构优化等 CAE 技术的应用，对于缩短产品开发周期，提高产品质量，降低制造成本，增强企业竞争力具有重要意义。本论文利用有限元分析软件ANSYS 作为分析工具，对 CK2120×6 六主轴数控车床的关键部件主轴鼓、前箱和刀架进行了静态、动态特性研究。 首先，本文利用三维设计软件Solidworks对该机床的关键部件主轴鼓、前箱和刀架进行了精确建模，将模型简化之后通过其与ANSYS 软件的标准数据接口，将模型导入到ANSYS 软件中，并生成有限元模型。利用ANSYS 软件对主轴鼓进行了机械应力分析和热—应力耦合分析，结果表明，主轴鼓在受到切削力作用下产生微小变形，不影响加工精度，可忽略。而在热—应力耦合分析中，发现主轴鼓在热、机械应力共同作用下轴向和径向都产生较大变形量，严重影响了加工精度，为后续对机床进行误差补偿提供了依据。运用有限元模态分析理论，建立了该机床前箱和刀架的有限元动力学模型，对机床的前箱和刀架进行了模态分析，得到各自的低阶固有频率和对应的振型，并对计算结果进行了分析。 关键词：多主轴车床；有限元分析；静态分析；热变形；模态分析AbstractMulti-spindle CNC lathes is one of the trends of CNC machine development, and it is currently the most advanced type of CNC lathe products, which is completely automated and with very high efficiency. Currently its main products are produced by Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Japan and some other countries. CK2120×6 six-spindle CNC lathe developed independently by Innovative CNC Equipment Co, Ltd, Shenyang,is Chinas first multi-spindle CNC lathe which fills the domestic blank. Because the special kind of machine requests higher precision and efficiency, it is important to analyze and research the machine configuration to ensure the quality of design. The application of finite element analysis and structural optimization is significant in shortening the period of production development, increasing the quality of production, reducing the cost of manufacture and improving the enterprise competitive ability. Static and dynamic characteristics of finite element analysis for the key components of the machine, such as spindle drum, front box and tool post are researched in this paper using finite element analysis software ANSYS. First, key components spindle drum, front box and tool post are accurate modeled using three-dimensional design software So