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The Biology of Stress Heart Attacks (#1 killer) Stress elevates the heart rate and constructs the blood vessels, which results in high blood pressure At artery branch points the inner lining of the vessel starts to tare, scar and pit. Chronic turning on of stress response increases the plaque Psychophysiologyical Death Wade Davis called it Voodoo Death when studying Haiti Similarly, pointing the bone is a ritual used by Australian Aborigines with the intention of injuring or killing their enemies. Rage, ecstasy, grief and triumph all have similar cardiovascular reactions Metabolism Putting $ in the bank Excess of protein, sugars and fat are stored in fat cells, muscles and liver. Insulin regulates this process Sympathetic response decreases insulin and we dip into the reserves Stress increases the risk of adult onset diabetes, one of the most common diseases in the west Constantly breaking down proteins can cause muscles to slightly atrophy over time Digestion Takes huge amounts of energy, it stops during stress Not much appetite during stress (but some people actually gain weight when stressed) Water is poured into the small intestine and removed in the large Bowels empty under extreme stress Ulcers Peptic (stomach) ulcers can sometimes arise in just days if there is an extreme stressor, but is most likely formed over time Stomach spends a lot of energy not eating itself. In stress, less protective mucus is secreted. When digestion resumes, it isn’t protected at first. Growth Growth is a “nonessential” function Stress Dwarfism Fredrick II of Sicily WWII German orphanage study JM Barrie Touch helps growth Even as adults, the body is constantly repairing itself Sex and Reproduction Reduces sex drive Many sexual dysfunctions are a result of stress and emotion In women it causes disruption to periods, can cause fetal asphyxiation Sympathetic nervous system is in charge of orgasm Immunity An artificial rose can trigger an allergic response Not only does stress halt