农学水稻和大麦耐盐性比较基因组学研究.docx

PAGE 19 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT26 水稻和大麦耐盐性的比较基因组学研究 郭秋林 （农学，3120100118） 摘要：大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）是最耐盐的禾本科作物之一，其野生种质中蕴含丰富的耐性基因资源，这些基因通过各种分子机制调控植株的耐盐性。然而，水稻是禾本科作物中耐盐差的物种之一。但大麦和水稻在基因组序列及其表达模式上具有高度相似性。这些基因往往较保守，在生长中具有功能显著性和等效性，称为共有基因，含有一些转录因子、酶家族、结构蛋白等，这些基因的作用可能与耐盐性相关。本实验选用以水稻日本晴(Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica)和西藏野生大麦XZ26（Hordeum vulgate subsp. spontaneum）为代表材料，用转录组测序寻找盐胁迫下大麦与水稻基因组中响应盐胁迫的共有基因和物种间特异表达基因，结合对应的耐盐表型与元素含量进行分析，初步探索大麦和水稻基因组与耐盐性的??系，从基因层面揭示大麦和水稻物种间耐盐的相关机理，为水稻耐盐性改良提供理论参考。 关键词：盐胁迫；差异表达基因；表现型；元素含量; 转录组测序。 Comparative genomics analysis of salt tolerance between rice and barley Qiu-lin Guo (Agronomy, 3120100118) Abstract: Among gramineous crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most salt-tolerant species, which contains rich resources of salt-tolerance genes regulating salt tolerance of plants in its wild germplasm. However, rice is salt sensitive. Barley and rice have high similarity in the genome sequences and the expression pattern of genes. These conservative genes in barley and rice (cBR genes) including transcription factors, enzyme families, structural proteins maintain the law of growth regulation, which playing important roles in salt tolerance. In this study, rice cultivar Nipponbare (Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica) and a Tibetan wild barley XZ26 (Hordeum vulgate subsp. Spontaneum) were selected for this research. The cBRs differently regulated in rice and barley under salt stress were identified through RNA-seq. Then the correlation between cBRs genes and salt tolerance in barley and rice was discussed, revealing the mechanism of salt tolerance between the two crops at the genome level, which could provide a valuable reference for improving and breeding in rice. Keywords: Salt stress; differentially expressed genes; phenotype; element content; RNA-seq.  目 录 1. 引言 3 2. 研究背景综述 3 2.1 大麦的耐盐机理 3 2.2 大麦与水稻的耐盐性比较 4 2.3 转录组及其测序技术（RNA-seq） 4 3. 材料与方法 4 3.1 实验材料 5 3.2 植株处理与取样 5 3.3 元素含量测定 6 3.4 RNA提取与RNA-Seq分析 6 3.5 数据分析 8 4. 文献综述 9 4.1 大麦和水稻耐盐性