应用IGBT三相变频调速系统.doc

毕业设计(论文) 题 目： 应用IGBT的三相变频调速系统  摘 要 本文利用带有IGBT这个电子器件的电路来实现逆变，以及研究三相变频调速。IGBT是一种新型的电力电子器件，它是大功率三极管，可流过几百至几千安培的电流。它和晶闸管有所不同。晶闸管触发可控，自然过零的时候关断，这样对它的控制增加了很多困难。而控制IGBT的关断简单得多，犹如控制其导通一样。所以如果使用IGBT来逆变，其效果是十分理想的。 异步马达的转速n=60f/p。其中p为极对数，f为交流电频率。如果马达是一对极，用市电供电，f=50Hz,那么通过计算可知n=3000转/分；若供电频率为100Hz，那么马达可以获得加倍的转速。所以从理论上来说，只要我们改变供电频率就可以获得我们所需要的任何转速。 一般来说马达的转矩和转速有关，特别是在低速时，它的转矩就会小，这样的话就给启动带来了比较大的麻烦。所以首先研究，在技术上采取措施实现恒转矩控制，然后设计好IGBT三相变频调速硬件，再配以计算机控制系统，以达到研究的目的。 关键词：IGBT；变频调速；脉宽调制。 ABSTRACT In this paper, the electronic circuit with IGBT converter device to achieve, as well as three - phase converter. IGBT is a new type of power electronic devices, it is power transistor can flow through several hundred to several thousand amps. It theorist different. theorist trigger control, natural zero-crossing time off, so its a lot more difficult to control. The control IGBT turn-off is much simpler, as if to control its conduction. So if you use the IGBT converter, the effect is very good. Asynchronous motor speed n = 60f / p. Where p is the logarithm, f is the frequency of the alternating current. If the motor is a pair of pole with electricity supply, f = 50Hz, then by calculation shows that n = 3000 rev / min; if the power supply frequency is 100Hz, so you can get double the speed of the motor. So theoretically, if we can get the power supply frequency change any speed we need. Generally the motor torque and speed related, especially at low speeds, it will be much smaller torque, so it gave the start to bring a relatively big trouble. So first study, to take measures to technically achieve constant torque control, and then designed a three-phase IGBT converter hardware, together with computer control system to achieve the purpose of the study. Keywords: IGBT frequency conversion PWM 目 录 摘 要 I ABSTRACT II 1综述 1 1.1IGBT概述 1 1.2 结构特点 2 1.3 有关特性 3 1.4 驱动电路 3 1.5前景展望 4 1.6技术要求 5 1.7变频特性 6 2原理 7 2.1正弦脉宽调制原理 7 2.2单极性调制与双极性调制 8 2.3 PWM的优