精品电子发烧友课件_18.ppt

1st thermodynamics law its application Content 1.1????????? Introduction to thermodynamics 1.2????????? 1st thermodynamics law 1.3????????? Quasi-static reversible process 1.4????????? Enthalpy 1.5????????? Heat capacity 1.6????????? Application 1.7 ???????? Real gases 1.8???????? Thermal chemistry 1.9????????? Hess’s law 1.10????????Several thermal effects 1.11 ???????Kirchoff law 1.1 Introduction to thermodynamics Research the interactive transformation among the heat, work and other form energy. Research the energy effect which takes place in the different physical and chemical changes; Research the direction and limitation of chemical changes. The mechanics, rate and microcosmic properties are unknown, so we only think the possibility but the reality. 1.1.1 System and surroundings System We call the fixed research object as system, also substance system. System is separated from the other parts, the boundary can be visual or imaginable. Surroundings The part which has reciprocity with system, or correlate with the system closely. ? 1.1.1.1 Open system Both matter and energy exchange take place between system and surroundings. 1.1.1.2 Closed system It has no matter exchange, but energy exchange between system and surroundings. 1.1.1.3 Isolated system Neither matter nor energy exchange takes place between system and surroundings. 1.1.2 System properties The macrocosmic measurable properties are used to describe thermodynamics state of the system, so all these properties are called thermodynamics variables. 1.1.2.1 Extensive properties (capacity properties) Numerical value is directly ratio with system quantity, volume (V), entropy (S). These properties can be summed up. 1.1.2.2 Intensive properties Its numerical val