3图表作文.doc

第三节 图表作文 图表式作文是借助于图表或图画进行写作，把非文字信息转换成文字信息的一种作文形式。图表作文一般分为两种：表作文，即表格（table）和图作文，包括线状图（line graph）、条状图（bar graph）、饼状图（pie chart）和图画（picture）。 图表作文也属控制性作文，主要考察作者对非文字材料用文字进行转述或分析的能力，要求作者不仅要弄清提示，还要看懂所给图表和数据，能够概括图表内容，提出相关问题并加以分析、说明、归纳。图表作文实际上是说明文和议论文的结合体，通常采用先描述后议论的行文方式，一般是在看懂图表的基础上，先用说明文的写作方法在将图表内的重要信息和数据用语言文字表达清楚，然后采用议论文的写作方式分析图表所揭示的问题或要表现的观点及主题。因此，图表作文的基本框架如下：弄清题意，概述图表所反映的主题、趋势；分析产生原因；发表看法、评论，预测未来或提出解决办法、建议。 撰写图表式作文要从以下各点入手：首先要审题并分析图表，弄清表格、图形、数据、分类、横线、纵线及百分比代表什么；其次将图表、数字变为文字信息，使用较为规范的用语描述图表，要注意重点抓住关键数据和信息，无需对图表上的内容、数据面面俱到逐一罗列，要从整体看图表有何发展变化趋势，要善于把握趋势、特点、规律，认真审查图表、数字，获取信息，将代表发展趋势变化的数字变成文字，加以描述；然后依据题意分析并得出结论，应就典型数字说明原因、分析比较其相互关系，利用描述、比较、对比等方法得出合乎情理的结论，做到自圆其说，具有说服力。三要有合理的写作程序。 例1：（表格作文） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on Changes in People’s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information in the table. Write three paragraphs according to the following outline: ① state the changes in people’s diet in the past five years; ② give possible reasons for the changes; ③ draw your own conclusions. Year Food 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit and Vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Changes in People’s Diet in China From the chart we can see that great changes have been taken place in the diet of the Chinese over the period from 2005 to 2009. Grain, which used to be the main food of most people in China, is now playing a less important role and the consumption of it has decreased by 4%. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk, meat, chicken and fish has increased rapidly. The changes in diet can be accounted for by a number of factors. First, with the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enable them to afford to buy good foods. Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a bala