毕业的设计太阳能光跟踪装置.doc

摘 要 太阳能光跟踪装置是一种通过低功耗单片机控制的光伏组件光跟踪装置，该装置通过检测光源位置，驱动步进电机，能够自动跟踪太阳光的运动，保证太阳能装置的能量转换部分所在的平面始终与太阳光保持垂直，使太阳能装置能够最大限度的利用太阳能。 系统主要包括传感器部分、信号转换电路、单片机系统和电机驱动电路等。系统采用光电检测追踪模式实现对太阳的跟踪。传感器采用光敏电阻，将五个完全相同的光敏电阻分别放置于检测面板的上下左右和中心位置，当太阳光线发生偏离，光敏电阻接收到的光照强度不相同时，通过信号转换电路将信号送给单片机，由单片机分析，控制驱动步进电机正反转。步进电机分为横向步进电机和纵向步进电机两个，横向步进电机带动电池板使其能够在水平方向转动，实现电池板对太阳光的跟踪，纵向步进电机带动电池板在垂直方向能够进行仰角的调整，并通过通信接口将部分数据反馈给单片机进行程序上的修正，使其无论在什么时候都能够使电池板与太阳光保持垂直。 太阳能追踪系统的开发与研究，减少了太阳能资源的浪费，大幅度提高了对太阳能的利用率。同时太阳能又是一种无污染的清洁能源，加强太阳能的开发，对节约能源、保护环境也有重大的意义。 关键词：步进电机；太阳能跟踪；光敏传感器 Abstract The solar energy light tracking device is a pv modules light tracking device through the low power consumption MCU control, the device through the detection light source position, drive stepping motor, the movement of the sun can automatic tracking, ensure that solar energy conversion devices in the plane of the sun always and keep the vertical, make solar power maximum use of solar energy. The system includes sensor signal into the circuit, part, MCU system and motor drive circuit and so on. The system adopts photoelectric detection tracking model to achieve the tracking of the sun. Sensor adopts photoconductive resistance, make the five identical photoconductive resistance respectively in place of the panel up, down, left and right and testing center position, when the sun light happen deviation, photoconductive resistance receives the light intensity that at the same time, through the signal circuit will signal to a single-chip microcomputer, by the one-chip computer analysis, the control drive stepping motor and reversing. Stepping motor is divided into horizontal and vertical step motor stepping motor two, horizontal stepping motor drive panels which can in horizontal direction, to realize the sun panels tracking the light, the longitudinal stepping motor drive panels in vertical direction can be adjusted to the elevation of, and through the communication interface will be part of data back to the fixed on the program MCU, make it no