供应链管理Chapter8Supply Chin Integration.ppt

* * Chapter 8: Supply Chain Integration * Dr. YANG Ruina * * Agenda Introduction Push, Pull, and Push-Pull Systems Choosing the Appropriate Supply Chain Strategy Summary Introduction Effective SCM implies: Efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores. Coordinate activities across the supply chain. Improve performance: reduce cost, increase service level, reduce the bullwhip effect, better utilize resources, and effectively respond to changes in the market place. Introduction Challenges can be met by integrating: the front-end, customer demand, to the back-end, production and manufacturing portion of the supply chain. Various supply chain integration strategies: Push, pull, push–pull strategy. Matching products and industries with supply chain strategies. Demand-driven supply chain strategies. The impact of the Internet on supply chain integration. Push, Pull, Push-Pull Systems Traditional supply chain strategies are categorized as Push and Pull strategies. More recent hybrid strategy of combining the two, Push-Pull systems Push-Based Supply Chains Production and distribution decisions based on long-term forecasts. Manufacturer demand forecasts based on orders received from the retailer’s warehouses. Push-Based Supply Chains Longer reaction time to changing marketplace: Inability to meet changing demand patterns. Obsolescence of supply chain inventory as demand for certain products disappears. Variability of orders received much larger than the variability in customer demand due to the bullwhip effect. Bullwhip Effect in Push-Based Supply Chains Leads to inefficient resource utilization Planning and managing are much more difficult. Not clear how a manufacturer should determine production capacity? Transportation capacity? Peak demand? Average demand? Results: Higher transportation costs Higher inventory levels and/or higher manufacturing costs more emergency production changeovers Pull-Based Supply Chains Producti