北京市门头沟区2015高考英语读理解一轮优化训练.docVIP

北京市门头沟区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮优化训练（4）及答案 阅读理解概述（4）题型探究 探究点四　推理判断题 　　一、题型特点与命题方式 　　既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含的意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。 　　这类试题常以如下句式发问： 1．What can you conclude from this passage? 2．What’s the author’s attitude towards...? 3．We can infer from the passage that... 4．Which statement is (not) true? 二、解题思路与应试技巧 　　考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。 　　首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。 　　其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用浏览的方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。 　　下面结合必威体育精装版高考试题，对推理判断题的不同类型加以解读。 　　1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 　　做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出所隐含的深层含义。 例 1 【2011·课标全国卷】．.. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.Mr.Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze.And I remember Mr.Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery. ... What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house? A．He wanted to have tea there. B．He was a respectable person. C．He was treated as a family member. D．He was fully trusted by the family. 【解析】 D　推理判断题。联系文章我们知道，甚至有的住户把钥匙留给送奶员，让他把牛奶放到屋内，这充分说明了人们对他的信任。 2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断 　　做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，最后确定最佳结论。 　　例2 【2011·北京卷】．.. In the essay, I wrote about my desire to skydive, stating George Bush Sr. did it at age 80.Why not me? I was just 84 and in pretty good health.A year went by and I heard nothing.But then at a community party in late April 2009, they announced that I was one of the winners.I just couldn’t believe it.Inspired by this.I decided to realize my dream, e