土木工程专业英语(第二版_段兵延)第1课ppt课件.ppt

土木工程专业英语;Lesson 1 Civil Engineering土木工程; Words;2. geotechnical [d?i:?uteknik?l]岩土工程的 geo-[构词成分]：地球、土地 geography [d?i?ɡr?fi] 地理学 geobiology [d?i:?ubai?l?d?i] 地理生物学 geocentric [,d?i(:)?usentrik] 以地球为中心的 5. subcontractors 转包商 sub-[前缀]： （1）在……底下 subsoil （2）（地位、级别）低、副 subeditor （3）分、再 subdivide （4）几乎、近于 subarctic suburban ;Civil engineering; Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。 Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations． 土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。; Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties． 因为土木工程的范围太广，所以它被细分为许多技术专业。 Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed． 根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种技能。 When a project begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement--water，sewer，and power lines． 当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图，他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。 Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project． 岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受??项工程的重量。; Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area：the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the project’s impact on local animal and plant life，and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protectin