小学一年级广播操教学案例 CreateTime.ppt

Human/Labor Relations Why is Human Relations Important in Business? Organizational goals are achieved by people working together effectively. People are the most important resource in an organization = Total Person Approach to Management Why have the approaches to Human Relations been changing? Global competition Diversity of the workforce Technology is electronic not mechanical Accepting of change and chaos Request for sharing of power Influences Having an Impact on Human Relations Theory Social Forces … values, needs, and standards of behavior. Political Forces … influence of political and legal institutions on people organizations. Economic Forces … forces that affect the availability, production, distribution of a society’s resources. Historical Forces…the effect of the past, present and the future. Human Relations Perspectives Over Time Classical Theory Labor is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibility. Positions are in hierarchy of authority. Personnel are selected and promoted based on qualifications. Management is separate from ownership. Rules and procedures ensure reliable, predictable behavior. Rules are impersonal and uniformly applied. Administrative Principles Henri Fayol’s 14 Points Division of labor Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interest for common good Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability and tenure of staff Initiative Esprit de corps Characteristics of Scientific Management General Approach Developed standard method for performing each job. Selected workers with appropriate abilities for each job. Trained workers in standard method. Supported workers by planning work and eliminating interruptions. Provided wage incentives to workers for increased output. Contributions Demonstrated the importance of compensation for performance. Initiated the careful study of tasks and jobs. Demonstrated the importance of personnel and their training. Cr