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肠易激综合征_课件.ppt

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肠易激综合征_课件

* Slide 25 Notes. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Cytokines Cytokines, hormone-like proteins that allow cells to communicate, play critical roles in normal biologic processes, such as cell growth, inflammation, and immunity.1 Cytokines are also thought to play multiple roles in the pathogenesis of RA, including the initiation and perpetuation of synovitis.1,2 Evidence suggests that TNF? and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are involved in RA pathogenesis, including the formation of bone erosions and their progression.3 Many other pro-inflammatory cytokines are expressed in synovial tissue. Among them are IL-6 and IL-12. The roles of these and other cytokines in RA are under active investigation.1 1. Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Maini RN. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:397-440. 2. Firestein GS. Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In: Kelley WN, Harris ED Jr, Ruddy S, et al, eds. Textbook of Rheumatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1997:851-897. 3. Gravallese EM, Goldring SR. Cellular mechanisms and the role of cytokines in bone erosions inrheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2143-2151. * Slide 25 Notes. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Cytokines Cytokines, hormone-like proteins that allow cells to communicate, play critical roles in normal biologic processes, such as cell growth, inflammation, and immunity.1 Cytokines are also thought to play multiple roles in the pathogenesis of RA, including the initiation and perpetuation of synovitis.1,2 Evidence suggests that TNF? and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are involved in RA pathogenesis, including the formation of bone erosions and their progression.3 Many other pro-inflammatory cytokines are expressed in synovial tissue. Among them are IL-6 and IL-12. The roles of these and other cytokines in RA are under active investigation.1 1. Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Maini RN. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:397-440. 2. Firestein GS. Etiology and