普通心理学感觉和知觉 英文课件.ppt

Sensation and Perception Sensation The process through which the senses pick up visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain; sensory information that has registered in the brain but has not been interpreted Perception The process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain Perception Gestalt principles of perceptual organization Figure-ground Organization depends on what we see as figure (object) and what we perceive a ground (context). Similarity Objects that have similar characteristics are perceived as unit. Proximity Objects close together in space or time perceived as belonging together. Continuity We tend to perceive figures or objects as belonging together if they appear to form a continuous pattern. Closure We perceive figures with gaps in them to be complete. Perception You can see a white vase as figure against a black background, or two black faces in profile on a white background Perception Perception Perceptual constancy The tendency to perceive objects as maintaining stable properties (e.g., size, shape, brightness, and color) despite differences in distance, viewing angle, and lighting Size constancy Perceiving objects as being about the same size when they move farther away Shape constancy Perceiving objects as having a stable or unchanging shape regardless of changes in the retinal image resulting from differences in viewing angle Perception Perception Monocular depth cues Depth cues that can be perceived by only one eye Types of cues Interposition When one object partly blocks your view of another, you perceive the partially blocked object as farther away Linear perspective Parallel lines that are known to be the same distance apart appear to grow closer together, or converge, as they recede into the distance Perception Monocular depth cues Types of cues Relative size Larger objects are perceived as being closer to the viewer, and smaller objects as being farther away Texture gradie