THAT AFFECT CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONS影响心血管功能的药物课件.ppt

ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS * University Of Nairobi Department Of Public Health, Pharmacology Toxicology JPT 341 Pharmacology Toxicology BVM 3RD Year Lecture Notes Dr Aboge, G.O. BVM, Msc, PhD 2014 Lecture objectives By the end of this lecture the students should be able; To give major groups and specific examples of the antiviral and antiretroviral drugs. To describe the mechanisms of action of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs including their pharmacological effects. To outline clinical applications the drugs in vet medicine. * Lecture outline Introduction Classification of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs Pyrimidine nucleosides analogues: Idoxuridine Purine nucleosides analogues: Acyclovir, Ganciclovir Antiviral prodrugs: Ribavirin and Oseltamivir) Cyclic amine antiviral drugs: Amantadine Antiretrovirals: azidothymidine, Biologic Response Modifiers: Interferon, cytockines. * Introduction Antiviral and antiretroviral agents are compounds active against viruses including retroviruses. Since viruses are obligate intracellular microorganisms, drugs that target viral processes must penetrate host cells. Therefore, drugs that negatively impact on a virus are also likely to negatively impact normal pathways of the host. Consequently, antiviral drugs have a narrow therapeutic margin as compared to antibacterial drugs. * Classification of antifungal drugs Based on chemical structures: The classes include pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleosides analogues and antimetabolites prodrugs. Based on their modification of host biological functions: Biologic Response Modifiers like cytokines Based on the type of viruses they act on: DNA based viruses or RNA based retroviruses Miscellaneous antiviral drugs * Pyrimidine nucleosides analogues Pyrimidine nucleoside analogues mimics pyrimidine nucleosides in their chemical structures and includes Idoxuridine and Trifluridine. * Idoxuridine Trifluridine Pyrimidine nucleosides Deoxythymidi