Permanent Memory, Acquisition Stage, Types of Memory：永久的记忆，采集阶段，不同类型的记忆.ppt

Permanent Memory, Acquisition Stage, Types of Memory Dr. Arra PSY 202 Permanent Memory: Consists of various records with information and experiences in them CUES: activate information Ex: mother info. on mom becomes active - Priming: the ability of a cue to make associated information more available Capacity: unlimited Permanent Memory Information is stored as both language and visual imagery Not word-for-word memory, but rather the “gist”, therefore you have a memory of meaning or a concept Duration: debated, some believe information is permanent, while others believe that information is lost through a forgetting process Schemas: organized concepts, important for comprehension (reading intervention) Permanent Memory: How is it organized?? The Sternberg Paradigm Hierarchical Model Information used often at top and information used infrequently at bottom Thus, frequently used information, easier to retrieve The more information to search, the longer it takes Permanent Memory: How is it organized?? Network Model Information is attached, and stimulates other information Lexicons catdogmammalhairwarm-blooded Acquisition Stage Strength of memories increases with practice The more you practice, the smaller and smaller the benefits become; diminishing returns Learning Curve: decrease in response time with practice - error rates reduce over time Dependent Measures: recall time, error rates x axis = days of practice y axis = recall time (decreases), error rates (decrease) Acquisition Stage Memory for material is improved the more elaborately it is processed; the more you elaborate, the more retrieval routes you have How an item is studied is important!!!!! - sheer rehearsal vs. depth of processing (adding meaning, put a word into a sentence, acronym,…) Craik Lockhart, 1972 Generation Effect Slamecka Graf, 1978 - memory advantage of material that subjects generate for themselves - generative processing enhances the encoding of information related to SR