《鲁滨逊漂记读书笔记.docx

鲁滨逊漂流记作者简介(部分来自网络)　丹尼尔?笛福（Daniel Defoe 1660—1731），英国作家，新闻记者。英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“小说之父”。其作品主要为个人通过努力，靠自己的智慧和勇敢战胜困难为构架。情节曲折，采用自述方式，可读性强。并表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》闻名于世，鲁滨逊也成为与困难抗争的典型模范，因此他被视作英国小说的开创者之一。在18世纪四大著名小说家中，丹尼尔?笛福是第一个，他所写的《鲁滨逊漂流记》在当时有很大影响，至今是雅俗共赏的名著。丹尼尔?笛福生于1660年，被誉为“小说之父”。1640年，英国资产阶级以暴力取得政权，但是在笛福出生那年，代表封建反动势力的斯图亚特王室又在英国复辟，笛福出生于一个小油烛商人的家庭，属于中下层资产阶级，在政治上反对斯图亚特王室的封建统治。笛福28岁那年，即1688年，资产阶级又赶走了斯图亚特王室，重新掌了权，他一面经商，一面从事政治活动，写下不少小册子。因为有的书和演说揭露了当时社会的不合理现象，曾先后三、四次被关进监狱。59岁时，写成了《鲁滨逊漂流记》。这部小说是以一件真事为素材写成的。200多年前，有一个苏格人塞尔柯克在一艘英国海船上当水手。1704年9月的一天，塞尔柯克因为和船长发生冲突，被遗弃古拉丁美洲的一个荒无人烟的小岛上，塞尔柯克心情很坏，但后来慢慢地习惯了。他捕山羊做食物，用木头和羊皮盖了两间小房子，拿钉子做针，把破袜子拆开来做线，用来缝东西。他在无人荒岛上生活四年四个月.1709年2月12日，一位英国航海家把他救离了海岛，塞尔柯克回到苏格兰后，经常在酒店里向人们讲述他不平凡的经历。后来，笛福就根据这个故事写成了此书。继《鲁滨逊漂流记》后，又写了许多小说，比较有名的有：《辛格顿船长》、《杰克上校》、《罗克查娜》、《伦敦大疫记》、《一个骑士的回忆录》等。但他终生没有混入当时有名的文人圈子里。这些文人出身的社会地位比他高。他一生贫困潦倒，临死前为了避债不得不离家藏起来。原作:BUT first I was to prepare more land, for I had now seed enough to sow above an acre of ground. Before I did this, I had a weeks work at least to make me a spade, which, when it was done, was but a sorry one indeed, and very heavy, and required double labour to work with it.However, I got through that, and sowed my seed in two large flat pieces of ground, as near my house as I could find them to my mind, and fenced them in with a good hedge, the stakes of which were all cut off that wood which I had set before, and knew it would grow; so that, in a years time, I knew I should have a quick or living hedge, that would want but little repair. This work did not take me up less than three months, because a great part of that time was the wet season, when I could not go abroad.Within-doors, that is when it rained and I could not go out, I found employment in the following occupations - always observing, that all the while I was at work I diverted myself with talking to my parrot, and teaching him to speak; and I quickly taught him to know his own name, and at last to speak it out pretty loud, poll, which was the first wo