motivation理据 词汇学.pptVIP

Lexicology motivation I. What’s motivation? II. Types of motivation III. Loss of motivation IV. Motivation and cultural background What is motivation? Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. 词的理据指词义形成的可释性，即某词称呼某物或表达某义的动因、或根据。(蔡基刚) sunflower, 向日葵（太阳花，转莲莲）；rainbow 彩虹, lightheartedness, Types of motivation 1. onomatopoeic motivation拟声理据、phonetic motivation语音理据 2. morphological motivation形态理据 3. semantic motivation语义理据 4. etymological motivation词源理据 5. morphemic motivation 文字理据 onomatopoeic motivation Some words are created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. Many of them are based on the sounds made by birds, animals, insects and so on. (onomatopoetic word, imitative word, or echo word). The pronunciation suggests the meaning. Onomatopoeic words constitute only a small part of the vocabulary. onomatopoeic motivation Primary onomatopoeia means the imitation of sound by sound. Here the sound is truly and “an echo to the sense” Imitation of the sound of animal onomatopoeia Imitation of the sound of people Imitation of the sound of the nature the primary onomatopoeias ?Imitation of the sound of animal(数量最多) 狮子，老虎：roar 狼：howl 羊：bleat 咩咩 ?Imitation of the sound of people chatter 叽叽喳喳; murmur咕哝; snicker 吃吃地笑 ?Imitation of the sound of the nature The car whizzed by him.汽车“嗖”的一声从身边过去了。 The door banged shut. 门“砰” 地一声关上了。 Thunder rumbled. 雷声“轰隆”响。 the secondary onomatopoeias Certain sounds and sound-sequences are associated with certain senses in expressive relationship. That is the sounds evoke an movement. For example, the English sounds bash, mash, smash, crash, dash, lash, clash, trash, splash, flash are for English speakers icons for sudden violent movements or actions. e.g. sk-suggests “touching or moving on the surface” skate, skim, skin, ski, sketch, skid -ump suggest “protuberance” p