BLOOD PRESSURE - The SC EBS血压- SC EBS.ppt

BLOOD PRESSURE OBJECTIVES DEFINE BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC NORMAL RANGE OF B/P SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC SIZE AND PLACEMENT OF B/P CUFF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT OF THE PRESSURE THAT THE BLOOD EXERTS ON THE WALLS OF THE ARTERIES DURING THE VARIOUS STAGES OF HEART ACTIVITY. AS THE HEART CONTRACTS OR RELAXES SYSTOLIC PRESSURE PRESSURE THAT OCCURS IN WALLS OF ARTERIES WHEN THE HEART IS CONTRACTING AND PUSHING BLOOD INTO ARTERIES DIASTOLIC PRESSURE CONSTANT PRESSURE THAT IS IN THE WALLS OF THE ARTERIES WHEN THE HEART IS AT REST OR BETWEEN CONTRACTIONS. BLOOD PRESSURE NORMAL RANGE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE NORMAL RANGE 100 TO 140 MM MERCURY DIASTOLIC PRESSURE NORMAL RANGE 60 TO 90 MM MERCURY Factors influencing Blood Pressure readings Force of the Heartbeat Resistance of the arterial system Elasticity of the arteries Volume of blood in the arteries Increase Blood Pressure Excitement, anxiety, nervous tension Stimulant drugs Exercise and eating Decrease Blood Pressure Rest and sleep Depressant drugs Excessive loss of blood Factors that affect B/P readings Lying down (usually lower B/P) Sitting position Standing position (usually higher B/P) Recording B/P Systolic reading is top number Diastolic is bottom number Example 120/80 Types of sphygmomanometers Mercury Aneroid Mercury sphygmomanometer contains a long column of mercury each line on gauge represents 2 mm of mercury place on a flat level surface or mounted on the wall level of mercury should be at 0 Aneroid sphygmomanometer Round gauge Each line on gauge represents 2 mm of mercury pressure Factors to follow for accurate readings American Heart Association recommendations Patient should sit quietly for at least 5 minutes before the B/P is taken Two separate readings should be taken and averaged Minimum wait of 30 seconds between readings PROPER SIZE B/P CUFFS SHOULD BE THE SAME DIAMETER AS OF THE PATIENTS ARM PROPER SIZE SMALL CUFFS RESULTS IN FALSELY HIGH READINGS LARGE CUFF MAY CAUSE FALSELY