外科学试题结2016.docx

1.【Incarcerated hernia 嵌顿性疝】A hernia which results in the entrapment of tissue or viscera into the hernia sac. 2.【Mirizzi’s syndrome】benign obstruction of the hepatic ducts due to spasm and/or fibrous scarring of surrounding connective tissue; often associated with a stone in the cystic duct and chronic cholecystitis. 3.【Fracture 骨折】the integrity or continuous of bone is broken. 4.【Hydronephrosis 肾积水】?Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys. This may result from obstruction to the flow of urine, vesicoureteral reflux, or it may be a primary congenital deformity without an apparent cause. 5.【Cardiopulmonary bypass 体外循环】The diversion of the blood flow returning to the heart through a pump oxygenator (heart-lung machine) and then returning it to the arterial side of the circulation; used in operations upon the heart to maintain extracorporeal circulation. 6.【Intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻】Intestinal obstruction is the partial or complete mechanical or nonmechanical blockage of the small or large intestine. 7.【Charcot’s triad Charcot三联征】combination of jaundice, fever-chills, and upper abdominal pain that occurs as a result of cholangitis. 8.【Dislocation of joint 关节脱臼】A disturbance or disarrangement of the normal relation of the bones at a joint in which there is complete loss of contact between the two articular surfaces. The direction of the dislocation is determined by the position of the distal part of the articulation. Articular surface loss the right relationship. 9.【Autonephrectomy 肾自截】In the advanced stage of renal tuberculosis, serious ureter fibrosis make the ureter lumina closed-up. The urine containing bacterium no longer gets into the bladder, so the irritative symptoms of the bladder turns improved. 10.【The inguinal ligament of Cooper （Pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带）】The pectineal ligament(also known as the inguinal ligament of Copper) is an extension of the lacunar ligament that runs on the pectineal line of the pubic bone. 11.【Car