Some speech disorders in school-aged children originate ：在学校的一些言语障碍儿童的起源.ppt

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Some speech disorders in school-aged children originate ：在学校的一些言语障碍儿童的起源.ppt

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Some speech disorders in school-aged children originate ：在学校的一些言语障碍儿童的起源

THE END REFERENCES Gibbon, F. E. (1999). “Undifferentiated lingual gestures in children with articulation/phonological disorders,” J. Speech Langauge Hearing Research 42, 382-397. Kent, R. D. and Forner, L. L. (1979). “Development study of vowel formant frequencies in an imitation task,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 208-217. Kent, R. D. and Vorperian, H. K. (1995). “Development of the Craniofacial-Oral-Laryngeal Anatomy: A Review,” J. Medical Speech-Language Pathology 3, 145-190. McGowan, R. S. (2006). “Perception of synthetic vowel exemplars of four year-old children and estimation of their corresponding vocal tract shapes,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 2850-8. McGowan, R. S. and Nittrouer, S. (1988). “Differences in fricative production between children and adults: evidence from an acoustic analysis of /?/ and /s/,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 229-36. McGowan, R. S., Nittrouer, S., and Manning, C. J. (2004). “Development of [?] in young, Midwestern, American Children,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 871-84. Nittrouer, S. (1995). “Children learn separate aspects of speech production at different rates: Evidence from spectral moments,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 520-530. Nittrouer, S., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and McGowan, R. S. (1989). “The emergence of phonetic segments: Evidence from the spectral structure of fricative-vowel syllables spoken by children and adults,” J. Speech Hearing Research 32, 120-132. N?rdstrom, P.-E. (1979). “Attempts to simulate female and infant vocal tracts from male area functions,” Speech Transmission Laboratory, KTH. STL-QPSR 2-3/1975, pp. 20-33. Olive, J. P., Greenwood, A., and Coleman, J. (1993). Acoustics of American English Speech (Springer-Verlag, New York). Some speech disorders in school-aged children originate as normal behavior Some articulation/phonological disorders in young school-aged children originate as normal behavior: The possible roles of geometrical and mechanical scaling Richard S. McGowan CReSS LLC 1 Seaborn Place Le