Protecting All Childrens Teeth：保护所有儿童的牙齿.ppt

Protecting All Children’s Teeth Caries Introduction Caries is the medical term for the infectious process that, if untreated, can progress to a cavity. Dental caries disproportionately affect poor and minority populations. Dental caries are the most common chronic disease of childhood. In pediatrics, there is a subset of patients who develop severe caries before 5 years of age. This process is termed Early Childhood Caries, or ECC.  Learner Objectives Upon completion of this presentation, participants will be able to: Define caries and Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Name the primary bacteria involved in the caries process. Discuss the contribution of carbohydrate metabolism in caries development. State the important protective benefits of saliva. List risk factors and describe the oral manifestations of ECC. Describe the 5 stages of ECC and identify early lesions on physical exam. Discuss the impact of ECC on overall health and well-being. Recall the 6 major methods of preventing ECC. Etiology and Pathophysiology There are 3 requirements for the formation of dental caries: 1. Bacteria 2. Sugar 3. Teeth Because dental caries is an infectious process, caries cannot form in the absence of bacteria, regardless of sugar intake. Etiology and Pathophysiology Bacteria adhere to the tooth surface in a biofilm called dental plaque. When carbohydrates are consumed, they are metabolized by bacteria and produce acid as a byproduct. The acid causes demineralization of the tooth enamel. Etiology and Pathophysiology, continued The following factors contribute to demineralization:  ? High oral bacterial load? Frequent feedings ? Poor oral hygiene? Decreased saliva production ? Etiology and Pathophysiology, continued These factors aid in the remineralization process:  ? Saliva Good oral hygiene? A non-cariogenic diet However, it is possible to reverse the demineralization process before cavitation occurs. Bacteria The primary bacteria involved in