THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY进化心理学.ppt

PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1 Notes: An Overview PSYCHOLOGY is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The PSYCHE is Greek for mind or spirit or soul. PSYCHOLOGISTS systematically study and attempt to explain observable behavior as well as unseen mental process that may influence behavior. THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is the science that studies behavior and the cognitive and physiological processes that underlie behavior. It is also a profession that applies the knowledge of human behavior to practical problems. Cognitive and physiological processes EARLY FOCUS: STRUCTURALISM VERSUS FUNCTIONALISM The first two major schools of thought, STRUCTURALISM and FUNCTIONALISM began the battle of many competing schools of thought about what psychologists should study. Wilhelm Wundt established the first lab in 1897 to explore the contents or structure of thought through INTROSPECTION, the systematic self-observation of one=s conscious experience. EARLY FOCUS Wilhelm Wundt Contributions: 1st Psychology as a science STRUCTURALISM VERSUS FUNCTIONALISM William James, the architect of FUNCTIONALISM disagreed with this approach in his landmark book, Principles of Psychology in 1890, in which he asserted that consciousness is a continuous stream of consciousness and therefore should focus on the function or purpose of consciousness. His views fostered the development of the modern focus on applied psychology and behaviorism. EARLY FOCUS William James Contributions: Started the idea of experimentation. BEHAVIORAL CONTRIBUTIONS John Watson, an early radical behaviorist, assumed behavior was wholly determined by conditions of the environment and searched for ENVIRONMENTAL rather than internal CAUSES of behavior. Ivan Pavlov contributed laws of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING while B.F. Skinner developed OPERANT CONDITIONING theories of the learning process. Behaviorism John Watson—Learning Behaviors/Traits Contributions: Little Albert Experiment Behaviorism B.F. S