西班牙瓦伦西亚港海事港口物流链的质量保证外文翻译（可编辑）.docVIP

西班牙瓦伦西亚港海事港口物流链的质量保证外文翻译 Quality assurance in the maritime port logistics chain: the case of Valencia, Spain Material Source: academic journalsAuthor: Raul Compes Lopez and Nigel Poole The provision of port services is an important link in international logistics. The efficiency of port services affects not only the port authorities, service providers and customers, but also the port hinterland through the multiplier effect on the regional economy Efficiency and innovation In modern ports, efficiency is compromised by weak system-wide co-ordination. “The most striking feature of internal port organization is the considerable number of bodies that participate in the transfer of goods between ships and inland transport vehicles” Jansson and Shneerson, 1982. There are both historical and political reasons for this fragmentation The efficiency of port industries is important in the first place to port users, for whom ports services have always constituted a bottleneck in periods of rapid international trade. From the early 1990s, international trade and demands on logistic services are increasing. Second, the efficiency effect of enhancing port throughput is important to the service providers and to the port hinterland. Also, in terms of total costs incurred, the provision of port services is the most significant link in the chain of seaborne goods transport, often exceeding the costs of shipping proper. Innovation in maritime and port logistics is as important as in any other part of the supply chain. Total port throughput is a function of the number of berths, capacity per berth and berth occupancy rate. Historically, ports have expanded berth numbers in order to increase capacity, and shipbuilders have built large vessels to achieve economies of scale. In terms of handling, the stowage and unstowage of cargo was the bottleneck in port handling until the development of containerisation and roll-on/roll-off shipping. Innovation in port organisation i