CHP3 齐美尔.ppt

第3章 齐美尔的形式社会学 华中师范大学社会学系 第3章 齐美尔的形式社会学 一、生平与著述 二、社会的本质与社会学的研究对象 三、社会冲突思想 四、文化社会学 一、生平与著述 1．德国解释社会学的三驾马车：滕尼斯、齐美尔、韦伯 2．犹太民族社会学的“双生子”：迪尔凯姆和齐美尔 3．心灵漂泊的“边际人” （1）生于富裕的犹太商人家庭，7个孩子中最小者； （2）16岁父亲去世，由父亲的朋友——音乐出版人作为监护人，疏远了其与母亲的距离； （3）博士毕业后在柏林大学教书15年，没有工资，只有讲课费；（边缘化） （4）边缘原因：犹太人身份、在柏林文化界过于活跃因而遭到嫉妒（过于锋芒毕露）、与当时德国社会学的地位有关。 一、生平与著述 Simmel’s work covered an enormous range of topics and issues, including problems of methodology in the social sciences: Problems of the Philosophy of History (1892) which influenced Weber’s work on methodology, ‘The problem of Sociology’ (1894), ‘How is society possible?’ (1908) ‘The Field of Sociology’ (1917); contributions to cultural theory-The Philosophy of Money (1910), Philosophical Culture (1911); and essays and studies in philosophy, music, literature, fashion and general problems of aesthetics. 二、社会的本质与社会学的研究对象 社会观:Simmel rejected the positivist argument that society constituted an objective system dominating its members; Simmel defined society as an intricate web of multiple interactions and relations between individuals which embody the principle of sociation. Society consisted of individuals connected by interaction; institutions such as the family, religion, economic organizations and bureaucracy constituted the forms taken by the social content of such interaction. The object of sociology was thus sociation. 二、社会的本质与社会学的研究对象 社会学的研究对象: Simmel criticized Dilthey for dismissing the claims of sociology on this basis, that society was merely individuals interacting with each other. Simmel sought to define this principle of interaction sociologically by conceptualizing society in terms of forms. In the Problems of the Philosophy of History he defended the notion of man as the cognitive subject whose actions produce the historical world. Historical knowledge is possible, not as a simple reflection of an external reality, but as a form of human experience. The world itself becomes an object of knowledge through the analysis of forms. Wha