Abstract and Concrete Meter Jhn Halle摘要混凝土表约翰·.ppt

Abstract and Concrete Meter John Halle Bard College Conservatory Introduction: Four problems in metrical form. “Pure” Linguistics: The Stress Assignment Problem (e.g. SPE 1968, Hayes 1995, Idsardi 2005 etc). The prosodic form problem-(PFP) (Traditional Prosody: e.g. Malof 1970, Attridge 1982, Cureton 2000. Generative Metrics e.g. M. Halle-Keyser 1971, Hayes 1979, Hayes 1989, Hanson and Kiparsky 1996, etc. ) “Given a poetic meter M, what conditions are imposed on a sequence of syllables S such that S can be construed as members of the class M.” The text setting problem (TSP) ( J. Halle-Lerdahl 1993, Hayes and Kaun 1996, Hayes and MacEachern 1998, Kiparsky 2007, Hayes forthcoming) “Given a sequence of syllables S and a (strophic) tune T, what assignments of S to T result in an acceptable text setting.” “Pure” Cognitive Music Theory (GTTM) The beat induction problem (Temperly 2006, Desain 2003, Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1982, Longuet-Higgins 1981 etc.) Assignment of abstract meter (specific): Halle-Keyser (1971) Iambic Pentameter  * Phonological sequence (candidate line) Metrical Paradigm Abstract Metrical Form (assignment-evaluation) Metrical Line Prosodic form problem: assignment of abstract metrical form (general) Syllabic Sequence: “The curfew toll the knell of parting day.” “Ode to the West Wind by Percy Byssche Shelly”* HK Iambic Pentameter: (W)SWSWSWS(X)(X) Assignment: correspond each syllable to position in metrical paradigm Evaluation: SM must appear in S position. Metrical Line W S W S W S W S W S X X The curfew tolls the knell of parting day.? ?  Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysche Shelly.? * (unmetrical line) Stress Maximum definition: “Fully stressed syllable adjacent to unstressed syllables in the same syntactic constituent.” Text setting problem (English): Syllable sequence a. “Tell me not in mournful numbers”. b. “Through all the compass of the notes”. Note Sequence-e.g “Ode to