TEST实测验.doc

17th INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD 9 - 16 JULY 2006 Río Cuarto – República Argentina PRACTICAL TEST實作測驗 4 MICROBIOLOGY 微生物學 Student Code:學生代號 17 th INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD 9-16 JULY 2006 Río Cuarto – República Argentina General remarks about the practical tests 關於實際的試驗的一般說明 DEAR PARTICIPANTS參賽者 The practical tests are organized in four different laboratories. 實作試驗被在4 間不同的實驗室進行 No 1- Plant Anatomy, Systematics and Physiology 植物解剖學，分類學和生理學 No 2- Animal Anatomy, Systematics and Ecology動物解剖學，生態學和分類學 No 3- Biocheminstry生物化學 No 4- Microbiology微生物學 You have 1 hour to perform laboratories No 1 and No 2. 實驗室1及2，1小時 You have 1 hour 30 minutes to perform laboratories No 3 and No 4. 實驗室3及4，1.5個小時。 You can score maximum of 40 points in each laboratory, which means a total of 160 points for the whole practical test. 每間實驗室最多可得40分，實作試驗共160分 Good luck !!!!!!! Practical test 4實作4 MICROBIOLOGY微生物學 There are different systems of bacterium classification, but the most commonly used is the published in Bergeys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 細菌的分類有不同的系統，但最常用的為在Bergey 的細菌學手冊中所記載的。 A working outline for the identification of a bacterial strain from the biochemical point of view is proposed below: 以下為一種由生化觀點鑑定細菌菌株的方法之概要： 1) Isolate the strain and obtain a pure culture. 分離菌株並取得純化培養 2) Carry out a microscopic examination of living cells and also of Gram stained smears. The morphology and type of Gram staining of the microorganism under study is thus determined. It is also important to determine the presence of clusters, spores and any other morphological characteristics that may be of interest. 取活細胞以革蘭氏染色後以顯微鏡觀察, 可得知微生物的形態及革蘭染色類型, 並根據其是否會形成菌團、孢子及其他形態學上的特性, 也是鑑定微生物種類的重要方式 3) Determine the nutritional characteristics (in general they come off from the methods used in the previous isolate and culture): photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemiautotrophs, chemiheterotrophs. 判斷營養特性(通常需先行分離、純化培養菌株)︰光合自營、光合異營、化學自營、化學異營等 4) Conduce primary tests: The following group of tests,