汉英翻译第八讲句词转换.ppt

汉英翻译第八讲 句词转换 一、短语名词化 短语名词化是汉译英常用的方法之一。目的是使语言结构简洁，避免零碎拖拉。 1、只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。 A glance of this letter will convince you that you have been taken in. 2.、他有才能，人品好，办事勤快，显然会步步高升的。 By aptitude, personality and work he would surely be promoted soon. 二、词语从句化 如果遇到汉语句子有较长的名词修饰语，又不宜依次译成前置形容词，就要考虑词语从句化处理。即将前置形容词转换成后置定语从句，使句子前后平衡，结构严谨。 课堂练习 当前最主要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人们生活水平。为了实现这个目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成为强大的社会主义强国。 * 汉英两种语言在邮局安排的思路上是有不同之处的。汉语一般是按事情发展的时间顺序来排列小句，或者语言片段，即结构不完整的短语；而英语则更注重句子的逻辑性、完整性，在结构上要求比较紧凑，中心突出，结构严谨。汉译英时，经常会遇到汉语的短语或小句片段英译为名词或名词词组的情况，即有主谓结构的独立句被名词化处理。我们称之为“短语名词化”。 3、他们为能独立行事、为有权自主而感到自豪。 They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. 4、农民在乡里造反，搅动了绅士们的酣梦。 The peasants’ revolt disturbed the gentry’s sweet dreams. 5、矛盾不断出现，又不断解决，就是事物发展的辩证法。 The ceaseless emergence and ceaseless resolution of contradictions constitute the dialectical law of the development of things. 6、我们完全理解他们为什么决定把这个问题提交安理会。 We fully understand their decision to bring this question before the Council. 7、这里就得出一条经验，它叫我们可以藐视困难。 The lesson derived from this is that we can scorn difficulties. 8、全国科学大会胜利召开，我们大家感到非常高兴，全国人民感到非常高兴。 The successful convocation of this National Conference on Science is a source of great joy for us and for people throughout the country. 9、上海市场繁荣，商业发达，服务网点星罗棋布，名产特产琳琅满目。 Shanghai, with a thriving market and a great number of shops and stores, boasts a large array of local products and specialties. 10、他学习积极性高，对西方文艺理论尤感兴趣。 He impressed me with strong motivation and intense interest in Western theories of art and literature. 11、年满18岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权，依照法律被剥夺选举权和被选举权的人除外。 All citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and to stand for election, with exception of persons deprived of these rights by law. 12、天上飞的和地上跑的，都是我们工人制造的。 Those that fly in the air and that run on the ground are all made by us workers. 13、昨天从青岛回来的客人是我们的老朋友。 The guests who returned from Qingdao yesterday are our ol