From the First to ast Draft从第一个到最后草案.ppt

From the First to Last Draft By Samantha Schwartz, Mirka Ivanovic, Rose Elias Table of Contents Introduction Pre-writing Writing Revising proofreading Final Steps Writing: Your paper under construction Construction graphic? Moving from outline to paper Before you begin: Remember—It’s a first draft. It’s ok to ignore formatting and spelling for now. However, don’t ignore references or citations. They will be hard to track down later if you ignore them now. Allow time for revision or outside editing, or both. Look back at your research articles Use your research and your analysis to fill in the gaps in your outline Put away your articles before you write Write with the research fresh in your mind, but not in front of you to avoid plagiarism Possible hang-ups at this stage Lack of motivation Set a manageable goal for the next few hours and take a break when you reach it Lose direction in the paper Reread your outline Read what you have written so far out loud Talk out the topic with a friend or tutor Make an oral argument based on your topic to a friend. Let them ask questions and make comments Photo of 2 people talking Audio of someone consulting someone else for advice on their paper Paragraph transitions Read paper aloud If something seems out of place or abrupt, you need to: 1) move the paragraph elsewhere 2) Include a transition sentence to introduce the paragraph Cut the paragraph if it is no longer relevant Flow of your argument Don’t surprise the reader or leave him/her in the dark Make your argument explicit; don’t just allude to your point Avoid vague statements Don’t start a sentence with “This.” Be explicit about what you are referencing Transition Sentences What do transitions do? Help readers understand how paragraphs work together, and build to an overall point. Highlight connections between paragraphs. By referencing in one paragraph the relevant material from previous ones, writers can develop important points for their readers. Continue on