英国原版中学历史课件7.ppt

The End of the Cold War The Cold War ? Boardworks Ltd 2004 * of 14 This icon indicates that detailed teacher’s notes are available in the Notes Page. For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation. This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. What we will learn today In this lesson you will consider: Events that led to the Cold War being declared officially over. How had relations changed between 1945 and 1989? An evaluation of the Cold War. Superpowers in the 1980s Life in superpower states USSR By the 1980s, the percentage of Soviets below the poverty line was far greater than in Western Europe. Some basic goods, like sugar, were even rationed. Diverted huge proportion of national income towards defence – tanks were built instead of consumer goods (TVs and cars). 20% of the workforce were employed in farming. The USSR couldn’t produce enough food to feed its population. USA 3% of the workforce were employed in farming. On average a US farmer produced seven times more food than a Soviet farmer. President Reagan was ‘hotting up’ the Cold War – investing massive sums into his military. Why would defence spending affect the USSR more than the USA? The USSR in the 1980s By 1985, the Eastern bloc countries were in trouble. Out of date machinery and factories only made the backward economies worse. Discuss:Why do you think the USSR continued to invest in its space and military programmes?If you were a leader of the USSR, what action would you have taken? Manufactured goods were a poor second to goods made in the West. Shop shelves were bare and food queues became part of everyday life. The communists kept power by censorship and the secret police, backed up by the Soviet army. The beginning of the end Reagan and Gorbachev met in Geneva (1985) and Reykjavik (1986). They finally signed the ‘Intermediate Range Nuclear Force Treaty’ (INF) in 1987. What were the reasons for each side signing