Ch5PENSEC外周神经系统递质.ppt

Efferent nervous system and Its Neurotransmitters 外周神经系统及递质 Lin Yuan PhD, Prof Dept. Pharmacology Objective（学习目标）: understand the following concepts and the relationship between these concepts Relationship between Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous System and Cholinergic fibers and Adrenergic fibers The concept of Neurotransmitter. Extended Comparative Study: take noradrenaline as an example to compare “Neurotransmitter, neuromodularor, and hormone and their relationship”. Muscarinic and nicotinic effects. Extended Analysis: How to differentiate nerve stimulation and muscle stimulation Alpha and beta adrenergic effects How are Acetylcholine and noradrenaline release modulated. Extended Comparative Study: Agonist- stimulatory and inhibitory effects (compare activation of M receptor). Agonist-antagonist (compare activation of N receptor) Review of peripheral nervous system Q- How is PNS classified The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS,外周神经) . PNS is composed by Efferent Division （传出） and Afferent Division. Efferent Division is further divided into the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic system. ANS, which has also been called the visceral or involuntary nervous system, regulates autonomic functions that occur without conscious control. （自主神经的特点：不能用意识控制） The autonomic nervous system can be further sub-divided in to: Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System The sympathetic nervous system is also referred to as the flight or fight system, as it prepares our body for emergencies. It results in increased heart beat, high blood pressure and brings about other changes by the release of adrenaline, that prepares us to face danger or stress. Parasympathetic Nervous System The Parasympathetic Nervous System on the other hand has just the opposite effect. It helps in calming and relaxing the body and ensures pr