全美顶级MBA教材《国际管理教程和案例》教学PPT（权威工商管理教材）.ppt

Key Variables Population Economic Development Indices Gross National Income - GNI Purchasing Power Parity - PPP International Trade and Natural Resources Foreign Investment Population 6 billion in 2000 – estimated to grow to 8.5 billion by 2025 Half of world’s population is in Asia-Pacific region 30% of the world’s population is under the age of 15 Implications exist for the types of products demanded Rural – urban divides exist in population distribution within a country Migration to other countries can have a major impact on overall trade and balance of payments of a country Economic Development The position of the G7 countries is under challenge As of 2000, India, Mexico, Russia and Brazil have economies that are larger than that of Canada when measured using PPP GNI levels indicate income levels PPP restates GNI for each country with the same prices for a basket of goods and services PPP addresses the problem of changing exchange rates Trade and Natural Resources Trends in the trade of manufactured products Volume of trade in manufactured products has risen dramatically Number of source countries has risen Composition of the trade of many countries has changed - trade in services has increased as a percentage of international trade (eg. Trade in tourism) The relative value of unprocessed natural resources in international trade has declined. A combination of technology transfer and relatively low labor costs has led to increase in the number of countries exporting fresh and processed agricultural and fishery products. Foreign Investment Foreign direct investment has become one of the major means by which companies operate internationally FDI is highly concentrated among a relatively few countries. Three-fourths of FDI flows are among the high-income countries in Europe, Japan, and North America. Of the FDI flows to lower-income countries, about two-thirds is concentrated among 10 countries Heightened awareness of interconnectedness and environmental i