尼采与萨特NietzscheandSartre.ppt

Nietzsche and Sartre Nietzsche on Teleology Nietzsche’s Critique of Christianity Sartre on Human Nature Thick vs. Thin Conceptions of Nature Nietzsche Nietzshe, Plato and Aristotle Natural vs. Supernatural Values Nietzsche’s Critique of Faith, Hope Love An Evaluation of Nietzsche’s Critique Nietzsche, Plato and Aristotle Teleology in Nietzsche Nietzsche, like Plato and Aristotle, has a teleological conception of human nature. The final cause, natural end = a complete life, lived according to instinct natural wisdom Evidences of teleology 1. Contrast between health and sickness, advancing life and decadence. Applied to our mental, spiritual life, as well as to ordinary physiology. Compare Platos use of the same metaphor in the Gorgias. 2. Human life is guided by instincts, drives, whose purpose is to move us toward a complete, fully human existence. Nietzsche on the Classical Virtues The word virtue in Greek (arete) and Latin has a meaning that isnt limited to morality. Any kind of strength or competency (like intelligence, wit, strength, endurance) would count as a virtue. Moral virtues are those virtues that concern ones character, ones capacity for rational choice and action. Seven cardinal virtues Natural: Courage Temperance (self-control, moderation) Practical wisdom (prudence) Justice Supernatural: Faith Hope Love (charity) Nietzsche’s Attitude Nietzsche says nothing against the natural virtues. In fact, he repeatedly affirms them. Example: N.s attitude toward marriage (p. 104). The essence of marriage is the indissoluble bond between man woman. His attack is restricted to the supernatural (Christian) virtues. Faith, Hope Charity Faith = unreason, dogmatism Hope = other-worldiness, denial of senses, body Love = equality, pity, rejection of distinction, hierarchy authority Faith N. sees the discipline of faith as being destructive of reason science. Trains us to believe things we cannot verify or understand. The scientific mind is based in doubt, in in