翻译目论三原则和评判标准.ppt

Skopos theory CONTENT Three Skopos Rules Evaluation Criteria Comments Three Skopos Rules PART ONE 1-1 Skopos rule (目的原则） Skopos is a Greek word for “aim” or “purpose” and was introduced into translation theory in the 1970s by Hans J. Vermeer. It is the top-ranking rule for some kind of translation, which means that a translation action is determined by its purpose. Vermeer also stresses the skopos rule is a general rule on many occasions that and translation strategies, and methods are determined by the purpose and the intended function of the target text. 1-1 Skopos rule （目的原则） Translation can have multiple purposes, including three types: The basic purpose of a translator (Such as earning a living) Communicative purpose of a translation (For example, enlightening the readers) The purpose of using a particular translation method. (For example, in order to illustrate the special use of grammatical structures in a language) 1-1 Skopos rule （目的原则） However, in general, the purpose refers to the communicative purpose of the translation, namely the communicative function of the translation in the context of the social and cultural context of the translation of human language. Therefore, the translator should clarify its specific purpose in the given context of translation and decide which translation method to adopt -- literal translation, free translation or intermediate between the two 1-2 Coherence rule （连贯性原则） The coherence rule states that the target text must be interpretable as coherent with the target text receivers situation. In other words, the target text must be translated in such a way that it is coherent for the target text receivers, given their circumstances and knowledge. 1-2 Coherence rule （连贯性原则） In terms of coherence rule, the source text is no longer of most authority but only part of the translation beliefs. It is only an offer of information for the translator, who in turn picks out what he considers to be meaningful