地球不同圈层英文版.ppt

Spheres of the EarthAtmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Weather Dynamics Unit Science 10 Hydrosphere All of the water on planet Earth “71% of the earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma” (University of Florida). “Blue Planet” – water is not found on any other planets in our solar system. “It is because the Earth has just the right mass, the right chemical composition, the right atmosphere, and is the right distance from the Sun (the Goldilocks principle) that permits water to exist mainly as a liquid” (U of F). The great variety of surface temperatures and pressures allows water to exist in all three states. Solid = Ice Liquid = Water Gas = Water Vapour The oceans contain most of the water (approx. 1.35 million cubic kilometres) Water Vapour Ice Refer to website: /sac/astronom/astr1370/glacial.htm The high heat capacity of water and the large volumes of water “buffers the Earth surface from large temperature changes such as those observed on the moon” (U of F Hydrosphere). “Water is the universal solvent and the basis of all life on our Planet” (U of F Hydrosphere). “Benjamin Franklin to comment[ed] When the wells dry, we know the worth of water.“” (U of F Hydrosphere). Source: University of Florida Hydrosphere Hydrosphere Cont’d Water in the ocean: Equator = warm water (like a warm bath) Near Poles = cold (can freeze into icebergs) ETE – Hydrosphere Hurricanes from Space /watch?v=PDGnoEnKxkQ Hurricane Luis: /watch?v=S5725Etc4bIfeature=related Ernest Shackleton’s Voyage “Already a celebrated polar explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton coordinated the British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition with the goal of accomplishing the first crossing of the Antarctic continent, a feat he considered to be the last great polar journey of the Heroic Age of Exploration.“” (Nova Website /imax/shackleton/sirernest.html Atmosphere Contains Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and water vapour Extend 500 km above the surface of the Earth Climate is determined by t