癌痛的护理(英文版)2_课件.ppt

Discussion:;Consequences of Untreated PainWhat happens if pain isn’t properly treated?;Pain ManagementGuidelines on Pain Management Li Xiaodan ;Discussion:;Common Misconceptions about Pain, cont.;Common biases about Pain;Contents;What is pain?;What is pain?;Descriptions of PainCategories of Pain by Duration;Categories of Pain by Duration;Categories of Pain by Type;Categories of Pain by Type;Categories of Pain by Type;Categories of Pain by Type;疼痛的评估——癌痛控制的基础;Standard of Care: Assessment Intervention for Pain;Standard of Care: Assessment Intervention for Pain;Systematic evaluation of pain involves the following steps. ? Evaluate its severity. ? Take a detailed history of the pain, including an assessment of its intensity and character. ? Evaluate the psychological state of the patient, including an assessment of mood and coping responses. ? Perform a physical examination, emphasising the neurological examination. ? Perform an appropriate diagnostic work-up to determine the cause of the pain, which may includetumour markers. ? Perform radiological studies, scans, etc. ? Re-evaluate therapy. ;P recipitating/Alleviating Factors: What causes the pain? What aggravates it? Has medication or treatment worked in the past? Q uality of Pain: Ask the patient to describe the pain using words like “sharp”, dull, stabbing, burning” R adiation Does pain exist in one location or radiate to other areas? S everity Have patient use a descriptive, numeric or visual scale to rate the severity of pain. T iming Is the pain constant or intermittent, when did it begin, and does it pulsate or have a rhythm;Ratings Scales to Assess Pain;; 0 2 4 6 8 10 ;Ratings Scales to Assess Pain;Nonverbal Indications of Pain:;Pain Management interventions;Pain Management:;Pharmacological Interventions;Pharmacologic interventions;Routes of medication administration;Concepts of WHO Pain Ladder;SEVERE PAIN: Keep giving mild pain medication and