教育心理学 Chapter 3.ppt

* Affect in learning and memory: from alchemy to chemistry Topic five roles for affect in learning and memory Part 1 Medieval alchemist Language teacher Philosopher’s stone Lead--gold Effectiveness in teaching A possible candidate for philosopher’s stone--affect Part 2 Three basic terms Affect One’s affect toward a particular thing or action or situation or experience is how that thing or that action or that situation or that experience fits in with one’s needs or purposes, and its resulting effect on one’s emotions. It is a term that refers to the purposive and emotional sides of a person’s reactions to what is going on. Learning Learning itself-not just evidence of learning, but learning itself-means making some sort of change in internal resources of one’s brain. Part 2 Three basic terms Memory We commonly think of memory as containing whole pictures and whole mechanical skills and words and skills and so on. If we can’t get the whole address or verb form from memory when we are retrieving an address or a past subjunctive verb form, we may say that part of record is somewhat missing or that it has been damaged in storage. In fact, research shows that the data that come in through the senses are generally not stored as whole pictures or whole sentences or whole word or whatever. The new experience is broken up into an incredibly large number of incredibly small, incredibly detailed items. “Aunt Maggie as a complete person does not exist in one single site of your brain. She is distributed all over it.” So when we remember something, we’re not so much retrieving whole images from an archive as we are reconstructing new images from those networks. Part 3 Five roles for affect in learning and memory Role 1 Affective data Affective data are stored in the same memory networks with other kinds of data, and may even be the kinds of data around which those networks are organized. Damasio remarks that: Because the brain is the captive audience of the body, feelings a